Class 9 dangerous goods

“Dangerous goods” means materials or articles with dangerous characteristics that, if not properly controlled, may pose potential hazards to human health and safety, infrastructure and / or its means of transport.

The transport of dangerous goods is controlled and managed by various management systems and operates at the national and international levels. Prominent regulatory frameworks for the transport of dangerous goods include the “United Nations Recommendation on the transport of dangerous goods”, “ICAO technical rules”, “IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations” and the “International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code” of the international maritime organization. In general, these regulatory systems regulate the handling, packaging, labeling and transportation of dangerous goods.

The regulatory framework incorporates an integrated hazard classification system to provide classification of dangerous goods. The classification of dangerous goods is divided into nine categories according to the types of dangerous goods or goods. Click the course to read more details;

explosive

Gas

Flammable liquid

Flammable solid

Oxidizing substance

Toxic and infectious substances

Radioactive material

Corrosive substances

Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

The complexity of many dangerous goods systems and dangerous goods classification and regulations around the world makes compliance a particularly difficult task. However, as a logistics company specializing in dangerous goods, DGI can provide customized solutions for all customers’ dangerous goods needs. DGI is proficient in all nine categories of dangerous goods and provides a range of services, including packaging, packaging, labeling, freight forwarding and training.

Class 1 – explosives

Explosives are materials or articles that can burn or explode rapidly due to chemical reactions.

Item 1.1: substances and articles with explosion hazard

Item 1.2: substances and articles with projection hazard but not large-scale explosion hazard

Item 1.3: substances and articles with fire hazard, slight explosion hazard or slight projection hazard or both

Item 1.4: substances and articles without major hazards; There is only a small risk of ignition or start-up during transportation, and any impact is mainly limited to packaging

Item 1.5: very insensitive substances with explosion hazard

Item 1.6: extremely insensitive items, no explosion hazard

Reasons for supervision

Explosives can cause catastrophic damage by force and / or other harmful amounts of heat, light, sound, gas or smoke through chemical reactions that produce gases at temperature, pressure and speed.

Common transport explosives

Ammunition / box

Fireworks / fireworks

bell-bottoms

Blasting cap / detonator

Fuse

primer

Explosive charge (blasting, demolition, etc.)

Detonating line

Airbag inflator

Igniter

rocket

TNT / TNT composition

RDX / RDX composition

PETN / PETN composition

Class 2 – gas

Gases are defined by the regulations on dangerous goods as substances with a vapor pressure of 300 kPa or higher at 50 ° C or completely gaseous at 20 ° C at standard atmospheric pressure, as well as articles containing these substances. This category includes compressed gas, liquefied gas, dissolved gas, frozen liquefied gas, mixture of one or more gases and one or more other categories of substance vapor, and articles containing gases and aerosols.

Division 2.1 flammable gases

Item 2.2: non flammable and non-toxic gas

Item 2.3: toxic gas

Reasons for supervision

Gas can cause serious harm due to its flammability, asphyxiation ability, oxidation ability and / or toxicity or corrosivity to human body.

Common transport gases:

aerosol

Compressed air

Hydrocarbon pneumatic device

Fire Extinguisher

Air cylinder

Fertilizer ammoniation solution

Pesticide gas

refrigerant gas

lighter

Acetylene / oxyacetylene

carbon dioxide

Helium / helium compound

Hydrogen / hydrogen compound

Oxygen / oxygen compound

Nitrogen / nitrogen compounds

natural gas

associated gas

petroleum gas

butane

propane

ethane

methane

dimethyl ether

Propylene / propylene

ethylene

Class 3 – flammable liquids

Flammable liquid is defined as liquid by dangerous goods. Liquid mixture or liquid containing solid in solution or suspension releases flammable vapor (flash point) when the temperature is not higher than 60-65 ° C, transports substances whose liquid temperature is equal to or higher than its flash point or transported in liquid at high temperature, and releases flammable vapor at the maximum transportation temperature or lower than the maximum transportation temperature.

There is no subdivision in class 3 flammable liquids.

Reasons for supervision

Flammable liquids can cause serious hazards due to their volatility, flammability and the possibility of causing or spreading serious deflagration.

Common transportation of flammable liquids

Acetone / acetone oil

an adhesive

Paint / varnish / varnish

alcohols

Perfume products

Gasoline / gasoline

Diesel dye

Aviation fuel

Liquid biofuel

Coal tar / coal tar oil fraction

Petroleum crude oil

Petroleum fraction

Gas oil

Shale oil

Heating oil

kerosene

resin

Tar

turpentine

Carbamate insecticides

Organochlorine pesticides

Organophosphorus pesticide

Copper based pesticides

esters

ether

ethanol

benzene

butanol

Dichloropropylene

Ether

Isobutanols

Isopropyls

methanol

octane

Class 4 – Flammable solids; Substances responsible for natural combustion; Substances that are flammable when in contact with water

Flammable solids are substances that are easy to burn or may cause or contribute to fire through friction under the conditions encountered in transportation, and self reactive substances or solid desensitized explosives that are prone to strong exothermic reaction. It also includes substances that are easy to heat spontaneously or in contact with air under normal transportation conditions, so they are easy to catch fire and flammable gases or substances in contact with water.

Item 4.1: flammable solids

Item 4.2: substances prone to spontaneous combustion

Item 4.3: substances that will release flammable gases in contact with water

Reasons for supervision

Flammable solids can cause serious hazards due to their volatility, flammability and the possibility of causing or spreading serious deflagration.

Common transportation of flammable solids; Spontaneous combustibles; ‘ Wet hazardous’ materials

alkali metal

metal powder

Aluminum phosphide

Sodium battery

Sodium cell

Igniter

match

Calcium carbide

Camphor

carbon

Activated carbon

Celluloid

cerium

Dried coconut meat

Seed cake

Oily cotton waste

Desensitized explosive

Oily fabric

Oily fiber

Ferrocerium

Iron oxide (spent)

Iron sponge / direct reduction iron (flower)

Tetraacetaldehyde

naphthalene

Nitrocellulose

phosphorus

sulfur

Class 5 – oxidizing substances; Organic peroxide

Oxidants are defined by hazardous materials regulations as substances that may cause or contribute to combustion, usually producing oxygen through redox chemical reactions. Organic peroxides can be considered

Oxidants are defined by hazardous materials regulations as substances that may cause or contribute to combustion, usually producing oxygen through redox chemical reactions. Organic peroxides are substances that can be considered as derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, in which one or two hydrogen atoms of chemical structure have been replaced by organic groups.

Item 5.1: oxidizing substances

Item 5.1: organic peroxide

Reasons for supervision

Although the oxidant itself is not necessarily combustible, it can produce oxygen and cause or promote the combustion of other materials. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable and may emit heat while undergoing exothermic autocatalytic decomposition. In addition, organic peroxides may be easy to explode and decompose, burn rapidly, be sensitive to impact or friction, react dangerously with other substances or cause damage to eyes.

Common transport oxidants; Organic peroxide

Chemical oxygen generator

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer

Chlorate

Nitrate

nitrite

Perchlorate

permanganate

Persulfate

Aluminum nitrate

Ammonium dichromate

ammonium nitrate

Ammonium persulfate

Calcium hypochlorite

Calcium nitrate

Calcium peroxide

hydrogen peroxide

Magnesium peroxide

Lead nitrate

Lithium hypochlorite

Potassium chlorate

potassium nitrate

Potassium chlorate

Potassium perchlorate

potassium permanganate

Sodium nitrate

Sodium persulfate

Category 6 – toxic substances; Infectious substance

Toxic substances refer to substances that may cause death or serious injury or endanger human health by swallowing, inhalation or skin contact. Infectious substances are substances known or reasonably expected to contain pathogens. Dangerous goods regulations define pathogens as microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, Rickettsia, parasites and fungi, or other drugs that may cause diseases in humans or animals.

Item 6.1: toxic substances

Item 6.2: infectious substances

Reasons for supervision

Toxic and infectious substances may pose a significant risk to human and animal health after exposure.

Common toxic and harmful substances; Infectious substance

Medical / biomedical waste

Clinical waste

Biological culture / sample / specimen

Medical culture / sample / specimen

Tearing gas substance

Engine fuel antiknock mixture

dyestuff

Carbamate pesticides

alkaloid

Allyl

acid

Arsenate

Arsenite

cyanide

Mercaptan / mercaptan

Cresol

Barium compound

Arsenic / arsenic compounds

Beryllium / beryllium compound

Lead compound

Mercury compound

Nicotine / nicotine compounds

Selenium compounds

antimony

Ammonium metavanadate

Adiponitrile

chloroform

dichloromethane

Hexachlorophenol

phenol

resorcinol

Class 7 – radioactive substances

The dangerous goods regulations define a radioactive substance as any material containing radionuclides whose active concentration and total activity exceed certain predetermined values. Radionuclides are atoms with unstable nuclei and are therefore subject to radioactive decay.

There is no breakdown in category 7 radioactive materials.

Reasons for supervision

During radioactive decay, radionuclides emit ionizing radiation, which poses a potentially serious risk to human health.

Common transport of radioactive materials

Radioactive ore

Medical isotope

Yellow cake

Densitometer

Mixed fission products

Surface contaminated objects

Cesium radionuclide / isotope

Radionuclide / Iridium

Americ radionuclide / isotope

Plutonium radionuclide / isotope

Radium radionuclide / isotope

Thorium radionuclide / isotope

Uranium radionuclide / isotope

Depleted uranium / depleted uranium products

Uranium hexafluoride

enriched uranium

Class 8 – corrosion

Corrosivity is a substance that degrades or decomposes other materials upon contact by chemical action.

There is no breakdown in category 8 corrosives.

Reasons for supervision

Corrosive substances can cause serious damage in contact with living tissue, or in case of leakage, damage or destruction of surrounding materials.

Common transport corrosives

Acid / acid solution

Battery

Battery fluid

Fuel cell cartridge

dyestuff

Fire extinguisher charging

formaldehyde

scaling powder

paint

Alkyl phenol

amine

Polyamine

sulfide

Polysulfide

chloride

Chlorosilane

bromine

Cyclohexylamine

Phenol / carbonic acid

hydrofluoric acid

hydrochloric acid

sulphuric acid

nitric acid

Sludge acid

Hydrogen fluoride

iodine

Morpholine

Class 9 – other dangerous goods

Miscellaneous dangerous goods refer to dangerous or dangerous substances and articles not covered by other categories during transportation. This category includes but is not limited to substances harmful to the environment, substances transported at high temperatures, miscellaneous items and substances, genetically modified organisms and microorganisms, magnetized materials (depending on the method of transportation) and aviation controlled substances.

There is no breakdown in category 9 miscellaneous hazardous materials.

Reasons for supervision

Miscellaneous hazardous materials pose a wide range of potential hazards to human health and safety, infrastructure and / or its means of transport.

Miscellaneous dangerous goods normally transported

Dry ice / cardice / solid carbon dioxide

Expandable polymer beads / polystyrene beads

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer

Blue asbestos / crocidolite

Lithium ion battery

Lithium metal battery

Battery powered equipment

Battery powered vehicles

Fuel cell engine

internal-combustion engine

vehicle

Magnetized material

Dangerous goods in equipment

Dangerous goods in the machine

Genetically modified organisms

Transgenic microorganism

Chemical Kit

First aid kit

Life saving equipment

Airbag module

Seat belt pretensioner

Plastic molding compound

Castor plant products

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Polychlorinated terphenyl

Dibromo

Benzaldehyde

What is sea transportation?

Sea transportation is the most common mode of transportation for importers and exporters. In fact, 90% of the goods are transported by sea and sea. Other international freight modes (express, standard air, express air) are relatively fast, but the price is also more expensive. Smaller shipments and high-value products usually adopt other modes.

If sea transportation is too slow, but air transportation is too expensive, some freight forwarders now provide relatively new services, commonly known as expedited freight. This service is usually almost as fast as air transportation, but its cost is more like sea transportation. Its working principle is to simplify the shipping process, only combined with faster shipping service and high-quality freight service.

Why do you choose sea transportation over other modes of transportation?

Capacity and value – one container can hold 10000 beer bottles! Sea freight is cheaper. According to experience, any cargo weighing more than 500 kg is too expensive for air transportation. For light goods, please use this chargeable weight calculator to calculate whether your goods are charged by actual weight or dimensional weight.

Less restrictions – International Law, national laws, carrier organization regulations and individual carrier regulations all play a role in defining and limiting which goods are considered dangerous for transportation. In general, more products are restricted to air cargo rather than ocean shipping, including gas (such as light bulbs), all inflammable substances (e.g. perfume, Samsung Galaxy Note 7), toxic or corrosive substances (such as batteries), magnetic materials (such as loudspeakers). Oxidants and biochemical products (e.g. chemicals) and public health risks (e.g. untanned hides). For details, see the hazardous materials table.

Emissions – compared with air transport, carbon dioxide emissions from freight transport by sea are insignificant. For example, according to this study, transporting 2 tons of 5000 km by sea will lead to 150 kg of carbon dioxide emissions, while the carbon dioxide emissions of air transportation will be 6605 kg.

What is the downside of shipping?

Speed – the aircraft is about 30 times faster than the ocean Express; Passenger planes cruise at 575 miles an hour, while slow-moving ocean liners travel at 16-18 miles an hour. Therefore, air cargo from China to the United States usually takes at least 20 days than sea cargo.

Reliability – port congestion, customs delays and bad weather conditions usually add more shipping days than shipping. So far, there are more tracking technologies in air transportation than in sea transportation. This means that sea transportation is easier to misplace than air transportation. This is especially true when shipping is smaller than container loading. In other words, in order to compete with air transportation, sea transportation is slowly becoming more reliable.

Protection – sea transportation is more vulnerable to damage or destruction than air transportation. That’s because it takes longer in transit because ships are more vulnerable to movement. But don’t worry too much about the cargo falling off the ship. The city myth says it loses 10000 a year, but it’s more like 546 of the 120 million containers in drinks a year. Piracy is less likely. Hot spots in recent years include the horn of Africa, the Gulf of Guinea and the Strait of Malacca. For more information about marine insurance, please check our page about cargo insurance.

Select container consolidation or whole container transportation?

Shipping is divided into two options: a full container loading (FCL) and a smaller than container loading (LCL). Using LCL, several goods are loaded into one container. This means that freight forwarders need to do more work, additional paperwork, and physical work to merge various goods into containers before major transportation and to dissolve the goods at the other end. This makes LCL have three disadvantages over FCL:

LCL takes more time to ship than FCL. Freightos freight team usually recommends allowing an additional week or two,

Increased risk of damage, dislocation and loss caused by LCL.

LCL prices are higher. In the experience of freightos’ Freight team, the main transportation cost is about twice the cost per cubic meter.

If it is feasible to consider introducing larger cargo, the critical point for upgrading from LCL to FCL (the minimum size container is 20 feet) is about 15 cubic meters.

How to know the shipping rate?

With the exception of particularly heavy goods, most LCL goods are priced according to the quantity of goods rather than by weight.

For most products, use these rules of thumb to choose the most cost-effective model:

Goods weighing more than 500 kg become uneconomical by air. The sea freight is about 50 cents / kg, and the freight between China and the United States takes about 30-40 days. It is about US $4 per kilogram. The Sino US loading capacity is between 150 kg and 500 kg. It can be transported by air economically. It takes about 8 to 10 days. Express air transport is a few days faster, but it’s more expensive. Packages lighter than 150 kg can be delivered economically by express (express freight). It is about $6 per kilogram, and it will take about 3 days for China and the United States to ship. Please use this chart for products with higher value per ton of goods. It is based on recent quotations and freight rates in the freightos market.

Common sea freight:

Expect to see these items on shipping quotations and invoices:

Customs security surcharge (AMS, ISF)

Container terminals (these are consolidated charges and only LCL is applied)

Terminal handling fee (Port Authority charge)

Customs broker

Pick up and delivery

Insurance

Surcharges (fuel surcharges, handling of hazardous materials, storage, etc.)

Route charges (e.g. Panama Canal, Alameda corridor)